Application Range of Stainless Steel Fasteners

Stainless steel has a clear definition in national standards. Generally speaking, stainless steel is a type of steel with a certain degree of chemical stability in corrosive media such as air, steam, water, or acids, alkalis, salts, etc. This is referred to as stainless steel. Steel that is resistant to weak corrosive media like air, water, and steam is called stainless steel. In contrast, steel that is resistant to strong corrosive media such as acids, alkalis, and salts is called corrosion-resistant steel or acid-resistant steel. Stainless steel has rust resistance, but it is not necessarily corrosion-resistant. Corrosion-resistant steel, on the other hand, has excellent rust resistance.

The primary reason stainless steel has good rust resistance is the addition of “chromium” in the iron-carbon alloy. Of course, other alloy elements such as nickel, molybdenum, and silicon also have good rust resistance. However, without chromium, the effectiveness of these elements would be significantly limited. Therefore, chromium is the most important element in stainless steel.

The amount of chromium required for stainless steel to have good corrosion resistance depends on the corrosive medium. Different countries have specific regulations regarding the chromium content that distinguishes stainless steel from ordinary carbon steel. The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) defines 4% chromium as the boundary between ordinary carbon steel and stainless steel. Japan’s Industrial Standards (JIS) require chromium to be at least 11%. Germany’s DIN standard defines the chromium content that distinguishes stainless steel from ordinary carbon steel at 10.5%. China’s national standard defines the chromium content separating stainless steel from ordinary carbon steel as ≥12%.

The corrosion resistance of stainless steel is generally believed to be a result of the formation of a chromium “passivation film” under the action of chromium in the corrosive medium. The corrosion resistance depends on the stability of the chromium passivation film. This is related not only to the chemical composition of the stainless steel but also to the type of corrosion, the medium, the environment, temperature, and other factors.

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